Standardization: templates and formats
Norms and standards
Bibliographic norms and standards
Bibliographic norms and standards are used daily for the production of metadata. They provide practical rules for description, choice of information sources, transcription, punctuation, etc.
Follow the evolutions linked to the bibliographical transition
Bibliographic norms and standards are evolving in response to the need to adapt library catalogs and, consequently, cataloguing practices. This adaptation aims to fully integrate catalogs with the Web of data, making them more relevant and better structured for user convenience. This approach is in line with the objectives set out in the new International Cataloguing Principles (IFLA, 2009) and the IFLA LRM model (2017).
The AFNOR Z44-... standards are gradually being replaced by the RDA-FR cataloguing code, as part of the national Bibliographic Transition program co-sponsored byAbes and BnF.
The elements introduced by RDA-FR are intended to cohabit with the current AFNOR standards, pending final publication of all the French transitional rules.
The new features introduced by the RDA-FR code with reference to the AFNOR standards are the subject of numeroustraining courses and documentation that evolves as the work progresses:
- consult the training materials regularly updated by the Training Working Group (national Bibliographic Transition program): Applying the RDA-FR cataloging rules published since 2015: elements applied by agencies
- consult the Methodological Guide of Sudoc / section "Bibliographic transition".
- visit the website Code RDA-FR
consult the Transition bibliographique website, consult the dedicated website
Bibliographic description (Sudoc, archives, manuscripts, theses and authority records)
Cataloguing of bibliographic records in the Sudoc
The references of the AFNOR standards in use in Sudoc can be consulted from the Methodological Guide of Sudoc for the description of the various types of catalogued resources:
- printed monographs
- sustained resources
- electronic resources
- component parts
- videograms
- sound recording
- cartographic resources
- printed music
- iconographic resources
The AFNOR standards apply the ISBD (International Bibliographic Description) set of normative rules, developed by IFLA since 1971 (1st edition), and harmonised in 2007 under the French name ofintegrated ISBD(consolidated ISBD).
- current version: ISBD - International standard bibliographic description: consolidated editionpublished in 2011.
- consult the French version
For more information : consult the BnF website
Antiquarian book cataloguing in the Sudoc
The references of the national recommendation "Cataloguing of Early Monographs: Bibliographic Description and Copy Data" and its application manual in UNIMARC format, in use at Sudoc, can be found in the Methodology Guide at Sudoc.
The national recommendation was published in June 2016 under the aegis of the CG46 Information and documentation - AFNOR Group CG46 / CN 46-9 Identification and description / GE6 Evolution of the bibliographical description of published documents. It replaces the experimental standard AFNOR Z44-074 (1986), made obsolete by the technological evolution of library catalogues.
Archives and manuscripts
TheInternational Council on Archives (ICA) ISAD(G ) Content Description Standard, a general and international standard for archival description, defined for the description of holdings in archives, is the international reference standard for the archival community.
This standard is not directly used in libraries for dealing with archival material. For the treatment of archival holdings in libraries, the recommendation " Describing modern and contemporary manuscripts and archival holdings in libraries: DeMArch " was developed within the framework of AFNOR, based on a French translation of DACS(Describing Archives: a Content Standard), the manual for the application of ISAD(G) in the American context.
DeMArch allows for the harmonisation of practices in the context of the computerisation of manuscript catalogues while taking into account the specificities of the collections held in libraries. The encoding format used to describe archives and manuscripts is the XML-EAD language.
- AFNOR Group CG46/CN357/GE7. DeMarch - Recommendation for the description of manuscripts and archival fonds. 2010
more information: see the EAD in libraries website
Theses
The description metadata of French electronic theses are modelled according to the national recommendation TEF (Thèses électroniques françaises, 2006), produced by the expert group CG46/CN357/GE5 within the framework of AFNOR.
The TEF recommendation is also an XML encoding format based on the METS schema.
- consult the TEF Recommendation: metadata of French theses
Access points, authority notices
The references of the norms and standards in force can be consulted from the Methodological Guide of Sudoc for the following elements:
- Choice of accesses
- Names of persons and titles, classification headings, forged titles
- Family Names
- Names of foreign persons
- Names of communities
- Geographical names
- Uniform titles (texts)
- Musical titles
The choice and construction of access points (formerly called "headings"), as well as the drafting of authority notices, are governed by AFNOR standards, which are gradually being replaced by the RDA-FR code (see in particular section 2 on works and expressions, and section 3 on agents).
IFLA international standards and lists are also used: IFLA Names of Persons, IFLA Anonymous Classics
Educational Resources
The AFNOR LOM-FR standard (NF Z76-041-1, 2019) is used to model and describe educational resources, whether digital or not. It is the French normative version of the international recommendation LOM(Learning Object Metadata, 2002).
- Standard of Description for Education in France - Part 1: Description of Educational Resources (NoDEfr-1). 2019.
Bibliographical references
These international standards form the basis for the different methods of citing references in a bibliography.
ISO 690. Guidelines for writing bibliographic references and citations for information resources
- NF ISO 690 (ISO 690:2010). ISO. Information and documentation - Guidelines for the preparation of bibliographic references and citations of information resources. 2010.
- see the description on the AFNOR website
ISO 4. Rules for abbreviation of words in titles and titles of publications
- ISO 4:1997. ISO. Information and documentation. Rules for the abbreviation of words in titles and titles of publications. 1997.
- see the description on the AFNOR website
The International ISSN Agency, the maintenance agency for ISO 4, provides free access to the List of Title Word Abbreviations (LTWA) on its website.
ISO 832. Description and Bibliographic References - Rules for Abbreviation of Bibliographic Terms
Status: International Standard
1st edition: 1975
Current edition: 1994, November; December (en)
- ISO 832:1994. ISO. Information and documentation - Description and bibliographic references - Rules for abbreviation of bibliographic terms. 1994.
- see the description on the AFNOR website
ISO 12199. Alphabetical order of multilingual lexicographical and terminological data represented in the Latin alphabet
Status: International standard
Current edition: 2000, July; August (en)
- ISO 12199:2000. ISO. Alphabetization of multilingual lexicographic and terminological data represented in the Latin alphabet. 2000.
- see the description on the AFNOR website
Transliteration
ISO or AFNOR standards govern the transliteration into Latin characters of different scripts: Arabic, Persian, Armenian, Chinese, Korean, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Georgian, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Thai...
Note: the references of the AFNOR standards used in Sudoc can be found in the Methodological Guide of Sudoc.
Language Codes
The ISO 639-2 (1998) standard for the representation of language names, prescribed by the UNIMARC format, is used in the Sudoc. This standard is maintained by the Library of Congress.
- consult the Methodology Guide of Sudoc.
Note: ISO 639-3 is not applied in Sudoc. It allows for a greater number of languages to be represented, and is intended to be comprehensive.
Posting codes
ISO 15924. Codes for the representation of posting names
Status: International standard
1st edition :
Current edition: 2004, February
- ISO 15924:2004. ISO. Information and documentation - Codes for the representation of names of scripts. 2004.
- see the description on the AFNOR website
Country codes
The ISO 3166 standard for the representation of country names, continuously updated and prescribed by the UNIMARC format, is used in the Sudoc.
- consult the Methodological Guide of the Sudoc